Role of Vitamin- A in the Prevention of Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness among older individuals. The search for effective preventive strategies has led to extensive research on the role of various nutrients, including vitamin A. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the existing literature on the relationship between vitamin A and the prevention of (AMD). It also explores the mechanisms by which vitamin A can exerts its protective effects against (AMD). Vitamin A is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which helps to counteract the oxidative stress and inflammation in the retina. It also plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and function of photoreceptors along with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Understanding these mechanisms is essential for comprehending the potential benefits of vitamin A in preventing (AMD). Several studies regarding impact of cooking methods on bioavailability of vitamin A is discussed with reference to scientific literature. The review discusses different forms of vitamin A, including retinol, retinaldehyde, retinoic acid, and provitamin A carotenoids. The main objective of this review was to emphasize the potential of vitamin A in order to prevent the risk of (AMD) in older patients. This review will be a key support for clinicians and researchers in formulating preventive strategies for AMD and conducting more studies in the future.